Ihluke kanjani i-truffle emnyama yase-Himalaya ku-truffle yase-Italy

Incazelo/Nambitha
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ayahlukahluka ngosayizi nangokuma kuye ngezimo ezikhulayo, kodwa ngokuvamile mancane, anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-5 ububanzi, futhi anombono ogobile, ogobile, oyimbulunga. Amakhowe ansundu ngokujwayelekile abunjwa ngamatshe aphansi futhi anendawo emangelengele, embozwe amaqhubu amaningi, amaqhubu, nemifantu. Ngaphansi kwengaphandle elimahhadlahhadla, inyama inezipontshi, imnyama futhi iyahlafuna, imabula enemithambo emincane emhlophe egqagqene. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia azoba nokunwebeka okunwebeka kakhulu kunama-truffle amnyama aseYurophu kanye nombala omnyama kancane, anemithambo embalwa. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia anephunga elimnandi le-musky futhi inyama inokunambitheka okuthambile, okunomhlaba, okunokhuni.

Izinkathi/Ukutholakala
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia atholakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekwindla kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Amaqiniso amanje
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ayingxenye yohlobo lwe-Tuber futhi ayaziwa nangokuthi ama-truffles amnyama aseShayina, ama-truffles amnyama ase-Himalayan kanye nama-truffle ase-Asia amnyama amnyama, angawomndeni wakwa-Tuberaceae. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-truffle atholakala phakathi kohlobo lwe-Tuber, futhi igama elithi Asian black truffle liyincazelo evamile esetshenziselwa ukuchaza ezinye zalezi zinhlobo ze-tuber ezivunwa e-Asia. I-Tuber indicum iwuhlobo olusabalele kakhulu lwe-Asian black truffle, eyabhalwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-80, kodwa lapho ososayensi beqala ukutadisha izakhiwo zamangqamuzana amakhowe, bathola ukuthi kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene eduze, ezihlanganisa i-Tuber himalayense kanye ne-Tuber sinensis. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia abelokhu ekhula ngokwemvelo izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kodwa ama-truffle ayengabonwa njengempahla yezentengiselwano kwaze kwaba ngawo-1900. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imboni ye-truffle yase-Europe yayizabalaza ukuhambisana nesidingo, futhi izinkampani zaseShayina zaqala ukuthumela ngaphandle ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia. eYurophu esikhundleni sama-truffles asebusika amnyama aseYurophu. Ngokushesha kwavela ukwanda kwe-truffle kulo lonke elase-Asia, ikakhulukazi i-China, futhi ama-truffle amancane athunyelwa ngokushesha eYurophu, okwenza kwaba nzima ngohulumeni baseYurophu ukulawula ama-truffles. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulawula, ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukuthengisa ama-truffle amnyama ase-Asia ngaphansi kwegama le-European Perigord truffle elingavamile ngamanani aphezulu, okubangela impikiswano esabalele phakathi kwabazingeli be-truffle kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia afana ngokuphawulekayo nama-truffle amnyama aseYurophu adumile, kodwa awanayo iphunga elimnandi kanye nokunambitheka. Abazenzisi baxuba ama-truffle amnyama ase-Asia nama-Perigord truffles wangempela ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuntuleka kwephunga, okuvumela ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ukuthi amunce iphunga elihlukile ukuze enze ama-truffle acishe angabonakali. Namuhla, kusenengxabano eshisayo mayelana nekhwalithi yama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia uma kuqhathaniswa nama-truffle aseYurophu, futhi ama-truffles kufanele athengwe ngemithombo ehloniphekile.

Inani lokudla okunomsoco
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ahlinzeka nge-vitamin C ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ama-Truffles nawo angumthombo wama-antioxidants okuvikela umzimba ekulimaleni kwama-radical mahhala futhi aqukethe amanani amancane e-zinc, insimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-fiber, i-manganese ne-phosphorus. Emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, ama-truffles amnyama asetshenziselwe ukwelapha ukubuyisela isifiso sokudla, ukuvuselela nokukhipha izitho zomzimba, nokulinganisa umzimba.

Applicazioni
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia asetshenziswa kangcono kancane ezinhlelweni eziluhlaza noma ezishisiswe kancane, avamise ukushefa, kugayiwe, kuphetshwe, noma kusikwe kancane. Ukunambitheka kwe-truffle okuthambile, okune-musky, okunomhlaba kugcwalise izitsha ezinezinto ezinothile, ezinamafutha, amasoso ewayini noma asekelwe ukhilimu, amafutha, nezithako ezingathathi hlangothi njengamazambane, irayisi, ne-pasta. Ama-truffles kumele ahlanzwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa futhi kunconywa ukuxubha noma ukukhuhla indawo engaphezulu kunokuba kuhlanjululwe ngaphansi kwamanzi njengoba umswakama uzobangela ukubola kwesikhunta. Uma esehlanziwe, ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia angagaywa esanda kufakwa njenge-condiment yokugcina ku-pasta, inyama egazingiwe, ama-risotto, amasobho namaqanda. E-China, ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia aya ngokuya ethandwa phakathi kwesigaba esiphezulu, futhi ama-truffle ahlanganiswa ne-sushi, isobho, amasoseji, namadombolo e-truffle. Abapheki baphinde bafake ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia kumakhukhi, ama-liqueur nama-mooncake. Emhlabeni wonke, ama-truffle ase-Asia amnyama enziwa abe ibhotela, afakwe emafutheni noju, noma agaywe abe amasoso. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ahambisana kahle nenyama efana newundlu, inkukhu, inyamazane nenyama yenkomo, ukudla kwasolwandle, i-foie gras, ushizi onjengembuzi, iParmesan, ifontina, i-chevre ne-gouda, namakhambi afana ne-tarragon, i-basil ne-arugula. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia amasha azohlala kuze kube isonto lapho esongwe ngethawula lephepha noma indwangu emunca umswakama futhi agcinwe esitsheni esivaliwe ekhabetheni elipholile lesiqandisi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-truffle kufanele ihlale yomile ukuze ibe nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu kanye nokunambitheka. Uma ugcina isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, shintsha amathawula ephepha njalo ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana komswakama njengoba ukhunta ngokwemvelo luzokhipha umswakama ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia nawo angasongwa nge-foil, afakwe esikhwameni sefriji, futhi aqandiswe izinyanga ezingu-1-3.

Ulwazi lobuzwe/amasiko
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia avunwa kakhulu esifundazweni sase-China sase-Yunnan. Ngokomlando, ama-truffle amancane amnyama ayengadliwa abantu bendawo futhi ayenikezwa izingulube njengokudla kwezilwane. Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, izinkampani ze-truffle zafika e-Yunnan futhi zaqala ukuthola ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ukuze athunyelwe e-Europe ukuze aqhudelane nemakethe ekhulayo ye-Perigord truffle. Njengoba isidingo sama-truffle sasikhula, abalimi baseYunnan baqala ngokushesha ukuvuna ama-truffle emahlathini azungezile. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia akhula ngokwemvelo phansi kwezihlahla futhi isivuno sokuqala se-truffle sasiyinsada e-Yunnan, okwenza umthombo osheshayo nophumelelayo wemali engenayo yemindeni. Abalimi baseYunnan baphawule ngokuthi ukuvuna ama-truffles kuyiphindaphinde kabili imali yabo yonyaka, futhi le nqubo idinga izindleko ezincane kakhulu, njengoba ama-truffles ekhula ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kosizo lomuntu. Naphezu kwebhizinisi elichumayo labantu basemaphandleni, ngokungafani naseYurophu lapho ukuvunwa kwe-truffle kulawulwa khona ngokuqinile, isivuno esikhulu se-truffle asilawulwa e-China, okuholela ekuvuneni okukhulu kakhulu. Abazingeli bama-truffle baseShayina basebenzisa amareki namageja anamazinyo ukuze bambe cishe inyawo emhlabeni bazungeze phansi kwezihlahla ukuze bathole ama-truffle. Le nqubo iphazamisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla futhi iveze izimpande zesihlahla emoyeni, okungalimaza ukuxhumana kwe-symbiotic phakathi kwesikhunta nesihlahla. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuxhumana, ama-truffles amasha azoyeka ukukhula ukuze kuvunwe esikhathini esizayo. Ochwepheshe besaba ukuthi ukuvuna ngokweqile kweChina ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia kubeka leli lizwe engozini esikhathini esizayo, njengoba amahlathi amaningi ake agcina ama-truffle manje aseyinyumba futhi awasawakhiqizi amakhowe ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ama-truffle amaningi ase-Asia amnyama nawo avunwa emhlabeni wesifundazwe, okuholela abazingeli ukuthi baxabane futhi bavune ama-truffle ngaphambi kokuba abanye abazingeli bathathe ama-truffle. Lokhu kuholele ekuthelelekeni kwama-truffle angavuthiwe athengiswe ezimakethe ane-flavour encane kanye nokuthungwa okuhlafunwayo.

IJografi/Umlando
Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia akhule ngokwemvelo eduze nangaphansi kwephayini namanye ama-conifers kulo lonke elase-Asia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ama-truffle asebusika angatholakala ezindaweni zaseNdiya, eNepal, eTibet, eBhutan, eChina naseJapan, kanti ama-truffle ngokuvamile aqala ukuthela lapho izitshalo ezihlala kuzo sezineminyaka okungenani eyishumi ubudala. Ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia awazange avunwe kabanzi kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwawo-90 lapho abalimi beqala ukuthumela ama-truffle eYurophu. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90, isivuno sase-Asia esimnyama siqhubekile sikhula, okwandisa inani labazingeli be-truffle kulo lonke elase-Asia. E-China, ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia avunwa kakhulu ezifundazweni zase-Sichuan nase-Yunnan, kanti i-Yunnan ikhiqiza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa ama-truffles amnyama athengiswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ama-truffle ase-Asia amnyama nawo atholakala ngamanani amancane ezifundazweni zase-Liaoning, e-Hebei nase-Heilongjiang, futhi amapulazi athile azama ukutshala ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia ukuze asetshenziselwe ukuhweba. Namuhla, ama-truffles amnyama ase-Asia athunyelwa emhlabeni wonke eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ama-truffle aphinde asetshenziswe ezweni lonke futhi athunyelwa kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu emadolobheni amakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-Guangzhou ne-Shanghai.